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Logical

$and (query predicate operator)

$and

$and performs a logical AND operation on an array of one or more expressions (<expression1>, <expression2>, and so on) and selects the documents that satisfy all the expressions.

Note

MongoDB provides an implicit AND operation when specifying a comma separated list of expressions.

Compatibility

You can use $and for deployments hosted in the following environments:

  • MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud

  • MongoDB Enterprise: The subscription-based, self-managed version of MongoDB

  • MongoDB Community: The source-available, free-to-use, and self-managed version of MongoDB

Syntax

The $and has the following syntax:

{ $and: [ { <expression1> }, { <expression2> } , ... , { <expressionN> } ] }

Behavior

When evaluating the clauses in the $and expression, MongoDB's query optimizer considers which indexes are available that could help satisfy clauses of the $and expression when selecting the best plan to execute.

To allow the query engine to optimize queries, $and handles errors as follows:

  • If any expression supplied to $and would cause an error when evaluated alone, the $and containing the expression may cause an error but an error is not guaranteed.

  • An expression supplied after the first expression supplied to $and may cause an error even if the first expression evaluates to false.

Most programming languages and drivers, including the MongoDB Shell (mongosh), do not allow the construction of objects with duplicate keys at the same object level. For example:

db.inventory.find( { price: { $in: [ 7.99, 3.99 ], $in: [ 4.99, 1.99 ] } } )

The previous query is invalid because the field name price has duplicate operators at the same object level. The query sent to the server differs from the intent. To make the query work, use an explicit AND:

db.inventory.find( {
   $and: [
      { price: { $in: [ 7.99, 3.99 ] } },
      { price: { $in: [ 4.99, 1.99 ] } }
   ]
} )

The previous query explicitly checks that both conditions are satisfied: the price array must include at least one value from each $in set. For more information, see Examples.

Examples

AND Queries With Multiple Expressions Specifying the Same Field

Consider this query:

db.inventory.find( { $and: [ { price: { $ne: 1.99 } }, { price: { $exists: true } } ] } )

The query selects all documents in the inventory collection where:

  • the price field value is not equal to 1.99 and

  • the price field exists.

The query can be rewritten with an implicit AND operation that combines the operator expressions for the price field:

db.inventory.find( { price: { $ne: 1.99, $exists: true } } )

AND Queries With Multiple Expressions Specifying the Same Operator

Consider this query:

db.inventory.find( {
    $and: [
        { $or: [ { qty: { $lt : 10 } }, { qty : { $gt: 50 } } ] },
        { $or: [ { sale: true }, { price : { $lt : 5 } } ] }
    ]
} )

The query selects all documents where:

  • the qty field value is less than 10 or greater than 50, and

  • the sale field value is equal to true or the price field value is less than 5.

The query cannot use an implicit AND operation because it uses the $or operator more than once.

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